Which of the following is a common household pest that is known to vector diseases?

Cockroaches are well-known household pests that can serve as vectors for various diseases. They have the ability to carry pathogens on their bodies and in their feces, which can contaminate food and surfaces in homes. This contamination can lead to health issues, particularly gastrointestinal diseases, as the bacteria and allergens from cockroaches may trigger allergic reactions or asthma in sensitive individuals.

In contrast, while ants and termites can be nuisances and cause structural damage, they are not typically recognized as significant disease vectors. Spiders, despite being commonly found in homes, primarily prey on insects and do not transmit diseases to humans in the way that cockroaches do. Thus, among the options provided, cockroaches are notably impactful due to their role in disease transmission, making them a critical concern in pest management strategies.